L'énigme de la Douleur Chronique à la Lumière d'un Classique de G. Engel: : 'Psychogenic Pain and the Pain-prone Patient'
Résumé
La douleur chronique non cancéreuse représente un défi pour la médecine curative, avec des taux de réussite thérapeutique en deçà des attentes malgré les avancées de la neuroscience, de la psychopharmacologie et des techniques d'approche invasive. Cet article présente une analyse d'un article classique de 1959 de George Engel – Psychogenic pain and the pain-prone patient . Pour cet auteur, l'expérience de la douleur est comprise comme un phénomène psychique dans sa genèse et, en particulier, dans les processus de récurrence et de chronification. Cela signifie que, dans la douleur chronique, l'existence de tissus périphériques enflammés ou blessés est dispensable (et vaine sa recherche par les efforts des sciences médicales). Cet auteur décrit les caractéristiques cliniques d'un nombre significatif de patients – qu'il appelle patients sensibles à la douleur – pour lesquels tout traitement doit atteindre l'instance psychique où la douleur est inscrite, plutôt que de cibler des structures physiques/corporelles périphériques. Les contenus abordés par l'auteur, psychiatre et psychanalyste, redeviennent d'actualité et éclairent la délimitation d'un troisième mécanisme sous-jacent aux cas de douleur chronique, récemment nommé 'douleur nociplastique', ainsi que la catégorisation actuelle de la douleur chronique en tant que maladie primaire par la 11e version de la Classification Internationale des Maladies.
Mots-clés
douleur chronique, douleur nociplastique, douleur psychogène, douleur chronique primaire, douleur chronique non oncologique
Biographie de l'auteur
João Paulo Consentino Solano
Médico psiquiatra. Psicanalista na Clínica Dr. Roberto Azevedo. Professor Titular nas disciplinas de Psiquiatria e Dor do curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brasil. Autor de Cartas de Telêmaco: do ciúme à inveja, do amor à paixão (Ed. Scortecci, 2012).
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