El Enigma del Dolor Crónico a la Luz de un Clásico de G. Engel : 'Psychogenic Pain and the Pain-prone Patient'
Resumen
El dolor crónico no oncológico representa un desafío para la medicina curativa, con tasas de éxito terapéutico por debajo de las expectativas a pesar de los avances en neurociencia, psicofarmacología y técnicas de abordaje invasivas. Este trabajo presenta un análisis de un artículo clásico de 1959 de George Engel – Psychogenic pain and the pain-prone patient. Para ese autor, la experiencia del dolor se entiende como un fenómeno psíquico en su origen y, particularmente, en los procesos de recurrencia y cronificación. Esto significa que, en el dolor crónico, la existencia de tejidos periféricos inflamados o lesionados es prescindible (y infructuosa su búsqueda por parte de los esfuerzos de las ciencias médicas). Ese autor describe las características clínicas de una cantidad significativa de pacientes – a quienes llama pacientes propensos al dolor – para quienes cualquier tratamiento necesita alcanzar la instancia psíquica donde está inscrito el dolor, en lugar de dirigirse a estructuras físicas/corporales periféricas. Los contenidos abordados por el autor, psiquiatra y psicoanalista, volvem a ser actuales y arrojar luz sobre la delimitación de un tercer mecanismo subyacente a los casos de dolor crónico, denominado recientemente 'dolor nociplástico', y a la actual categorización del dolor crónico como una enfermedad primaria por la 11ª versión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades.
Palabras clave
dolor crónico, dolor nociplástico, dolor psicogénico, dolor crónico primario, dolor crónico no oncológico
Biografía del autor/a
João Paulo Consentino Solano
Médico psiquiatra. Psicanalista na Clínica Dr. Roberto Azevedo. Professor Titular nas disciplinas de Psiquiatria e Dor do curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brasil. Autor de Cartas de Telêmaco: do ciúme à inveja, do amor à paixão (Ed. Scortecci, 2012).
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