Trauma and Memory
Resumo
Uma teoria da memória traumática foi desenvolvida por Breuer e Freud em “Estudos sobre a histeria” baseada na teoria de Charcot sobre a origem traumática dos transtornos mentais. Isso foi novamente desenvolvido no DSM-III em 1980 com a introdução da Perturbação de stress pós-traumático (PSPT), onde a memória traumática foi conceituada como um núcleo da síndrome e colocada em relação causal com suas manifestações. Isso implicava que “trauma” tendia a ser visto como algo estático e reificado, como uma “coisa” na mente. Mostra-se que essa conceituação desvia a atenção dos processos dinâmicos e reorganizadores na mente, no corpo e nas relações da pessoa traumatizada com os outros. A conceituação psicanalítica inclui um espectro mais amplo das manifestações em condições pós-traumáticas e difere na compreensão dos processos subjacentes. O que é comum tanto no trauma infantil quanto no adulto e suas manifestações pós-traumáticas são deficiências nos processos de simbolização relacionados às experiências traumáticas. A função de ansiedade de sinal falha e o ego é dominado pela ansiedade automática ou de aniquilação. A capacidade de distinguir entre perigo real e estímulos neutros que funcionam como “gatilhos” falhados. Como a ansiedade relacionada ao trauma não pode ser mentalizada, fragmentos do self são cindidos e evacuados. Essas experiências permanecem como pedaços fragmentados que podem se expressar em dores corporais, estados mentais dissociados, pesadelos e distúrbios relacionais. Assim, as consequências do trauma psicológico podem ser conceituadas como processos caracterizados pela cisão de objetos/introjectos internos não mentalizados e partes do aparelho mental. Esses processos são ilustrados com uma pequena vinheta clínica.
Palavras-chave
Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, Processos pós-traumáticos, Trauma psicológico, Simbolização, Mentalização
Biografia Autor
Vladimir Jovic
MD, Dr. Sci. Med., psychiatrist, training analyst of the Belgrade Psychoanalytical Society in private practice in Belgrade and consultant of the Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims, IAN, Belgrade.
Sverre Varvin
Professor emeritus, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University. Training analyst, Norwegian Psychoanalytic Society.
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